Sun Stone, National Museum of Anthropology

The Sun Stone, made of olivine basalt, is a monumental artifact from the Mexica civilization (1250–1519 AD). It measures 3.6 meters in diameter and weighs 24,590 kg. At its center is the sun god Tonatiuh, surrounded by symbols of the five suns, the 20-day cycle, and the five elements. Fire serpents, or Xiuhcóatl, encircle its edge, which depicts the nocturnal sky, embodying Mexica cosmology and timekeeping.